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购彩2023-01-31 16:05

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  • 台湾民众何以摆脱“用电的烦恼”?******

      新华社台北1月18日电(记者赵博、黄扬)最近,台湾电力公司(以下简称“台电”)的一则提示成为热门民生话题。提示说,春节假期工厂停产、公司歇班,用电量减少,流经地下电缆的电力大幅降低,电缆产生大量无效电力灌至系统,造成电压可能升高逾一成,因此呼吁民众外出要拔掉插头,避免家中电器设备烧损故障。

      春节年年有,为何今年要特别提示“拔插头”?专业人士及舆论指出,其实问题在于风光电等不稳定电力在台湾总电力系统中的占比上升,让电压变得不易控制。

      近年来,台湾当局大力发展再生能源发电。据《联合报》报道,冬季风力发电旺盛、光伏发电效率趋佳,使得今年春节期间风光电在全台总电力系统中的占比可能突破30%。

      新竹清华大学工程与系统科学系特聘教授李敏表示,当再生能源发电量过高时,发电和用电的动态平衡会出现波动,影响电网稳定性。电压上升不仅可能导致烧坏电器,还可能造成电线起火,成为公众安全问题。

      《风传媒》专栏文章分析,当局不遗余力发展绿电,再生能源发电过剩时的储能设施却没有及时跟上。目前的法令又不允许电力公司弃再生能源,于是只能让电压上升。

      “配套不足下,民进党离岸风机一支一支插,光电板一片一片种,不只破坏海岸、鱼塭,产生一大堆官商勾结的黑金利益,弄了半天,供电还不稳定。”有岛内资深媒体人在社交媒体上发文说,辛苦了一年,春节好不容易放个长假出远门,还得为家中电器提心吊胆。连供电都不稳定,怎么过好年?

      如果说电压不稳定是台湾民众新近的烦心事,那么,停电无疑是徘徊在人们心头的沉重苦恼。

      从2017年“8·15大停电”到2021年5月连续两次大停电,再到2022年3月殃及逾500万户的全台停电,以及2022年7月无预警停电频发,电力紧缺越来越成为困扰台湾产业发展、影响民众生活的“紧箍咒”。

      据岛内媒体报道,第二核电厂2号机将在3月中旬停机,用于递补进入岁修的大潭7号机的燃气机组却受疫情影响工程延宕,无法按时并网测试。因此,今年春季恐怕供电吃紧。

      尽管台当局经济主管部门负责人保证“努力进行调度”,民众还是忧心忡忡,生怕苦不堪言的大停电“又来几遍”。连台电也无奈表示,届时只能祈祷老天爷帮忙,“天气不要太热”。

      台湾供电系统以备转容量(即当天实际可调度的发电量扣除使用后剩下的余量)作为电力盈缺指标。当备转容量率低于6%,就会亮起象征“供电警戒”的橙色灯号,介于6%至10%之间,则为象征“供电吃紧”的黄色灯号。

      《风传媒》引述台湾“中央大学”讲座教授梁启源的分析指出,近年再生能源包括太阳光电、风力发电等执行率均打折扣,燃气电厂则有供气不足的问题,未来三年岛内供电系统的备转容量率预计均在10%以下。

      他还说,由于再生能源发电占比增加,夜间没有太阳无法发电,预计未来夜间的电力供应容易发生缺口,备转容量率恐将低于3%。只要有一部大型机组故障,就会发生大停电。

      让民众不断承受“用电的烦恼”,究竟是谁的错?此间舆论指出,“非核家园”能源政策难辞其咎。

      “非核家园”被称作民进党的“神主牌”,民进党2016年上台后不久就在台立法机构通过相关法案规定,全面优惠绿电发展,电商的发电配比必须符合能源政策目标(天然气50%、燃煤30%、再生能源20%),同时在2025年前彻底关停核电。

      事实证明,这个能源转型计划让台湾吞下了发电成本暴涨、空气污染加重等种种恶果。尤其是明知主要依靠进口天然气等燃料火力发电,民进党仍加码喊出“电价冻涨”的政治口号,导致台电亏损严重,2022年亏损高达2675亿元新台币(约合598亿元人民币)。

      不久前,民进党当局又推出新的“减碳目标”,计划2030年电力配比调整为“523”,即燃煤降为两成、再生能源提升到三成。

      对此,《中国时报》指出,如果相关配套做得不足,再生能源大量并网可能造成系统惯量不足,电网频率失衡,导致跳机停电风险。台湾大学电机工程学系特聘教授刘志文分析说,唯有建好“三道防线”,包括加严再生能源并网技术规范、调整电能控制系统、增加储能设施与需量反应,才能有效降低绿能并网冲击。

      春节一天天临近,业界和民众都期待新的一年景气好转,诸事顺遂。然而,民进党当局耽于“口水”保证,却不知检讨和修正能源政策,台湾社会“用电的烦恼”恐怕仍将挥之不去。(新华网)

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